Lesson: Quantum vs. Classical Bits
Introduction
In classical computing, the fundamental unit of information is the bit, which can take on two states: 0 or 1. In quantum computing, the analogous unit is the quantum bit, or qubit. Unlike classical bits, qubits can exist in a superposition of states, meaning they can be both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This property, known as quantum superposition, is one of the key advantages of quantum computing.
Classical Bits
Quantum Bits (Qubits)
Superposition
Superposition is a fundamental concept in quantum physics that allows qubits to exist in multiple states simultaneously. This is represented mathematically using the Dirac notation:
|ψ⟩ = α|0⟩ + β|1⟩
where α and β are complex numbers that represent the probability amplitudes of the qubit being in state |0⟩ and |1⟩, respectively. The squares of these amplitudes, |α|² and |β|², give the probabilities of measuring the qubit in each state.
Entanglement
Entanglement is a phenomenon where two or more qubits are linked together in such a way that they become a single, inseparable system. The state of each qubit is dependent on the state of the others, even if they are separated by a large distance.
Applications
Quantum bits have the potential to revolutionize various fields, including:
Further Learning
Assessment